Black okusayidi kapena blackening ndi ❖ kuyanika kutembenuka kwa zinthu zachitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zamkuwa, zinki, zitsulo zaufa, ndi solder yasiliva.[1]Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kukana dzimbiri pang'ono, mawonekedwe, ndi kuchepetsa kunyezimira kwa kuwala.[2]Kuti tikwaniritse kukana dzimbiri, okusayidi wakuda ayenera kuthiridwa ndi mafuta kapena sera.[3]Chimodzi mwazabwino zake kuposa zokutira zina ndikumanga kwake kochepa.
1.Zinthu zachitsulo
Osayidi wakuda wakuda ndi magnetite (Fe3O4), yomwe imakhala yokhazikika pamakina pamtunda ndipo imapereka chitetezo chambiri cha dzimbiri kuposa okusayidi wofiira (dzimbiri) Fe2O3.Njira zamakono zamafakitale zopangira okusayidi wakuda zimaphatikizapo njira zotentha komanso zapakati pa kutentha zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.The okusayidi angathenso kupangidwa ndi electrolytic ndondomeko mu anodizing.Njira zachikhalidwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ya bluing.Ndizosangalatsa mbiri yakale, komanso ndizothandiza kwa okonda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti apange okusayidi wakuda motetezeka ndi zida zochepa komanso popanda mankhwala oopsa.
Kutsika kwa oxide oxide, komwe kumafotokozedwa pansipa, sikuphimba kutembenuka-kutentha kwapansi sikumawonjezera oxidize chitsulo, koma kumayika mkuwa wa selenium.
1.1 Kutentha kwakuda kwakuda
Masamba otentha a sodium hydroxide, nitrates, ndi nitrites pa 141 °C (286 °F) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza pamwamba pa zinthu kukhala magnetite (Fe3O4).Madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi ndi nthawi ku kusamba, ndikuwongolera moyenera kuti asawonongeke.
Kutentha kwakuda kumaphatikizapo kuviika gawolo mu akasinja osiyanasiyana.Chogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri "choviikidwa" ndi zonyamulira zoyendera kuti ziyende pakati pa akasinja.Matankiwa amakhala, mwadongosolo, zotsukira zamchere, madzi, caustic soda pa 140.5 °C (284.9 °F) (pawiri yakuda), ndipo pamapeto pake chosindikizira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala mafuta.Soda wa caustic ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kumapangitsa Fe3O4 (black oxide) kupanga pamwamba pazitsulo m'malo mwa Fe2O3 (red oxide; dzimbiri).Ngakhale kuti imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa oksidi yofiira, oxide yatsopano yakuda imakhala ndi porous, choncho mafuta amaikidwa pamoto wotentha, womwe umasindikiza "kumira" mmenemo.Kuphatikiza kumalepheretsa dzimbiri za workpiece.Pali zabwino zambiri zakuda, makamaka:
Kudetsa kumatha kuchitika m'magulu akulu (oyenera magawo ang'onoang'ono).
Palibe kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwapakatikati (njira yakuda imapanga wosanjikiza pafupifupi 1 µm wandiweyani).
Ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa njira zodzitetezera ku dzimbiri, monga utoto ndi electroplating.
Mfundo yakale kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutentha kwakuda kwakuda ndi MIL-DTL-13924, yomwe ili ndi magawo anayi anjira zamagawo osiyanasiyana.Kufotokozera kwina kumaphatikizapo AMS 2485, ASTM D769, ndi ISO 11408.
Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudetsa zingwe zamawaya pazowonetsera zisudzo komanso zowuluka.
1.2 Kutentha kwapakati-kutentha kwakuda
Monga otentha wakuda okusayidi, wapakati kutentha okusayidi wakuda atembenuza pamwamba zitsulo magnetite (Fe3O4).Komabe, kutentha kwapakati pa kutentha kwakuda kumadetsedwa pa kutentha kwa 90-120 ° C (194-248 ° F), mocheperapo kuposa okusayidi wakuda wotentha.Izi ndi zopindulitsa chifukwa zimakhala pansi pa kutentha kwa yankho, kutanthauza kuti palibe utsi wotulutsa mpweya.
Popeza kutentha kwapakati pa kutentha kwakuda kumafanana kwambiri ndi oxide yakuda yotentha, imathanso kukumana ndi zida zankhondo MIL-DTL-13924, komanso AMS 2485.
1.3 Wozizira wakuda wakuda
Cold black oxide, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti room temperature ya black oxide, imayikidwa pa kutentha kwa 20-30 °C (68-86 °F).Sikuti kutembenuka kwa oxide, koma mkuwa wa selenium woyika.Cold black oxide imapereka zokolola zambiri ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyipitsa m'nyumba.Kupaka uku kumatulutsa mtundu wofanana ndi womwe kutembenuka kwa oxide kumachita, koma kumakonda kupukuta mosavuta ndipo kumapereka kukana kwa abrasion.Kupaka mafuta, sera, kapena lacquer kumabweretsa kukana kwa dzimbiri kuti zigwirizane ndi kutentha komanso kutentha kwapakati.Kugwiritsira ntchito kumodzi kwa njira zozizira zakuda za oxide kungakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zomangamanga pazitsulo (patina yachitsulo).Amadziwikanso kuti ozizira bluing.
2. Mkuwa
Chowoneka bwino cha cupric oxide.svg
Black oxide ya mkuwa, yomwe nthawi zina imadziwika ndi dzina la malonda Ebonol C, imasintha mkuwa kukhala cupric oxide.Kuti ntchitoyi igwire ntchito pamwamba iyenera kukhala ndi 65% yamkuwa;Pamalo amkuwa omwe ali ndi mkuwa wochepera 90% ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oyambitsa.Chophimba chomalizidwa ndi chokhazikika pamankhwala komanso chotsatira kwambiri.Ndiwokhazikika mpaka 400 °F (204 °C);pamwamba pa kutentha uku ❖ kuyanika kumawononga chifukwa cha okosijeni wa mkuwa wapansi.Kuti muwonjezere kukana kwa dzimbiri, pamwamba pake pakhoza kukhala mafuta, lacquered, kapena phula.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo chisanachitike pojambula kapena enamelling.Pamwamba pake nthawi zambiri imakhala ya satin, koma imatha kusandulika kukhala yonyezimira popaka enamel yowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Pang'onoting'ono kwambiri ma dendrites amapanga pamwamba, omwe amatchinga kuwala ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa.Chifukwa cha izi, zokutira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga, maikroskopi ndi zida zina zowunikira kuti muchepetse kuwala.
M'mabokosi osindikizidwa (PCBs), kugwiritsa ntchito okusayidi wakuda kumapereka kumamatira bwino kwa zigawo za fiberglass laminate.PCB imamizidwa mu bafa lomwe lili ndi hydroxide, hypochlorite, ndi cuprate, zomwe zimachepa m'zigawo zonse zitatu.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti oxide yakuda yamkuwa imabwera pang'ono kuchokera ku kapu komanso pang'ono kuchokera ku PCB copper circuitry.Poyang'aniridwa ndi microscopic, palibe wosanjikiza wamkuwa (I) oxide.
Zolemba zankhondo zaku US zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndi MIL-F-495E.
3. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Hot black oxide ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi osakaniza a caustic, oxidizing, ndi mchere wa sulfure.Imadetsa mndandanda wa 300 ndi 400 ndi ma aloyi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri 17-4 PH.Njira yothetsera vutoli ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pachitsulo chosungunuka ndi chitsulo chochepa cha carbon.Mapeto ake amagwirizana ndi mfundo zankhondo za MIL-DTL-13924D Class 4 ndipo imapereka kukana kwa abrasion.Black oxide kumaliza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangira opaleshoni m'malo opepuka kwambiri kuti muchepetse kutopa kwamaso.
Kutentha kwa chipinda kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumachitika chifukwa chodziwikiratu kuti copper-selenide iyika pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Amapereka kukana kwa abrasion pang'ono komanso chitetezo chofanana cha dzimbiri monga njira yotentha yakuda.Njira imodzi yopangira mdima wa chipinda ndi muzomangamanga (patina yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri).
4. Zinc
Black oxide ya zinki imadziwikanso ndi dzina lamalonda la Ebonol Z. Chinthu china ndi Ultra-Blak 460, chomwe chimadetsa malo okhala ndi zinki komanso malata osagwiritsa ntchito chrome ndi zinki kufa-casts.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-23-2021